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What condition often occurs alongside tracheoesophageal fistula?

  1. Placenta previa

  2. Esophageal atresia

  3. Cleft lip

  4. Uterine atony

The correct answer is: Esophageal atresia

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital condition that results in an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. This condition often coexists with esophageal atresia, which is a condition where the esophagus does not form completely and ends in a blind pouch instead of connecting to the stomach. The two disorders frequently occur together because they both arise from the same developmental issues during fetal growth. Therefore, in patients with TEF, it is common to find esophageal atresia as well, making the correlation important for diagnosis and treatment planning. In contrast, the other conditions listed, such as placenta previa, cleft lip, and uterine atony, do not share this developmental relationship with tracheoesophageal fistula and therefore are not commonly associated with it.